Chloramines are disinfectants formed by mixing chlorine and ammonia. Water utilities use them to kill bacteria in distribution systems. They can irritate eyes and airways.

Chloramines are created by combining chlorine with ammonia during water treatment. Many utilities prefer them over chlorine alone because they provide longer-lasting disinfection throughout the distribution system. The EPA regulates chloramines, typically measured in parts per million (ppm). While effective at controlling harmful bacteria, some people may experience eye or respiratory irritation from chloraminated water. Utilities must balance disinfection needs with potential side effects when using this treatment method.