Cadmium is a toxic metal from industrial waste and old pipes. It accumulates in the body, causing kidney damage and bone fragility over time.

Cadmium enters drinking water primarily through industrial discharge and corrosion of old galvanized pipes. This heavy metal is a byproduct of mining and manufacturing processes. The EPA measures cadmium in parts per billion (ppb) and has set a maximum contaminant level to protect public health. While water contamination is concerning, cigarette smoke remains a significant non-water source of cadmium exposure. Regular testing of water sources helps monitor and control cadmium levels in public water systems.